Bullying is characterised by aggressive and cruel behaviour and can be expressed in various forms, including name-calling, sarcastic remarks, intimidation, and physical attack. It can even be carried out remotely, using text messaging or the internet for 'cyber-bullying'. Verbal or psychological bullying can be as damaging as physical violence.

According to the Anti-Bullying Network, about half of young people will experience bullying at school. Serious bullying only affects a small minority of young people, but its effects can be severe and long-lasting. Persistent bullying can result in young people experiencing low self-esteem, shyness, anxiety, poor performance at school, isolation and loneliness, and depression, which can sometimes lead to suicide.

Young people may try to keep the fact that they are being bullied hidden, so it is important to be alert to the possible warning signs, such as unexplained cuts and bruises, or bed-wetting.

Young people may be singled out because of their gender, colour, religion, sexuality or because they have a disability, including a learning disability.

Health professionals could help young people by reassuring them that they can talk about their problems in confidence and helping them to access more help when they need it. Nurses working in school environments may find it helpful to explore the use of peer support schemes.